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Contributors The numbers in brackets following the contributors’ names indicate the chapter(s) written or cowritten by that contributor. STEPHANIE B. ABBUHL, MD [304] Associate Professor and Medical Director Department of Emergency Medicine Hospital of the University of PA University of PA School of Medicine Philadelphia, Pennsylvania RIYAD B. ABU–LABAN, MD, MHSc [87] Assistant Professor and Research Director Division of Emergency Medicine University of British Columbia Department of Emergency Medicine Vancouver General Hospital Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada WILLIAM AHRENS, MD [132] Director of Pediatric Emergency Medicine University of Illinois Chicago, Illinois MICHAEL F. ALTIERI, MD [140] Associate Clinical Professor of Emergency Medicine George Washington University Washington, DC Inova–Fairfax Hospital for Children Department of Pediatrics Falls Church, Virginia ERIC ANDERSON, MD, MBA [64] Associate Director of Operations Department of Emergency Medicine The Cleveland Clinic Foundation Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine The Ohio State University Cleveland, Ohio WILLIAM T. ANDERSON, MD [150] Chief, Department of Emergency Medicine William Beaumont Hospital Troy, Michigan THOMAS P. AUFDERHEIDE, MD [85] Professor of Emergency Medicine and Research Director Medical College of Wisconsin Department of Emergency Medicine Milwaukee, Wisconsin CHENICHERI BALAKRISHNAN, MD [199] Associate Professor of Surgery Department of Emergency Medicine Wayne State University Detroit Receiving Hospital Detroit, Michigan JEFFREY D. BAND, MD [148] Director, Infectious Diseases and International Medicine William Beaumont Hospital Royal Oak, Michigan Clinical Professor of Medicine Wayne State University School of Medicine Detroit, Michigan JOSEPH A. BARBERA, MD [7] Associate Professor of Engineering Management Clinical Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine Co–Director, Institute for Crisis, Disaster, and Risk Management The George Washington University Washington, DC ROBERT A. BARISH, MD [76] Associate Dean for Clinical Affairs Professor of Emergency Medicine and Surgery University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland BONNY J. BARON, MD [256, 258] Associate Professor Department of Emergency Medicine State University of New York Downstate Medical Center Director of Trauma, Emergency Department Kings County Hospital Center Brooklyn, New York CHRISTOPHER W. BARTON, MD [24] Clinical Professor of Medicine University of California San Francisco Medical Director, Emergency Services San Francisco General Hospital San Francisco, California DANIEL G. BATTON, MD [118] Director, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit William Beaumont Hospital Royal Oak, Michigan BRIGITTE M. BAUMANN, MD, DTM&H [306] Head, Division of Clinical Research Department of Emergency Medicine UMDNJ–Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Cooper Health System Camden, New Jersey NORMAN J. BEAUCHAMP, JR., MD [237] Professor and Chair University of Washington Department of Radiology Seattle, Washington RONALD W. BEAUDREAU, DMD, MD [242] Doctor’s Hospital Department of Emergency Medicine Augusta, Georgia Medical Evacuation Services SOS International Shanghai, China MARY HARKINS BECKER, MD [80] Department of Emergency Medicine Maine Medical Center Assistant Clinical Professor Department of Surgery University of Vermont Portland, Maine MARY P. BEDARD, MD [13] Clinical Director, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Medical Director, Transport Program Children’s Hospital of Michigan Associate Professor of Pediatrics Wayne State University Detroit, Michigan AMY J. BEHRMAN, MD [109] Associate Professor Department of Emergency Medicine Director, Occupational Medicine Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania WILLIAM A. BERK, MD [21, 166, 295] Associate Professor Department of Emergency Medicine Wayne State University Vice–Chief, Emergency Department Detroit Receiving Hospital Detroit, Michigan CAROL D. BERKOWITZ, MD [115, 119, 297] Executive Vice Chair and Professor Department of Pediatrics Harbor–UCLA Medical Center David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Torrance, California EDWARD BERNSTEIN, MD [295] Professor and Vice Chair for Academic Affairs Department of Emergency Medicine Boston University School of Medicine Professor of Social and Behavioral Sciences Boston University School of Public Health Boston, Massachusetts JUDITH BERNSTEIN, RNC, PhD [295] Associate Professor Department of Maternal and Child Health Boston University School of Public Health Director, MCH Certificate Program Boston University School of Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine Boston, Massachusetts HOWARD A. BESSEN, MD [192] Professor of Medicine UCLA School of Medicine Los Angeles, California Director, Emergency Medicine Residency Program Department of Emergency Medicine Harbor–UCLA Medical Center Torrance, California EDWARD S. BESSMAN, MD [22] Assistant Professor Department of Emergency Medicine The Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland Clinical Director Department of Emergency Medicine Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center Baltimore, Maryland MICHAEL B. BEUHLER, MD [180] Medical Director Carolinas Poison Center Charlotte, North Carolina Adjunct Instructor of Emergency Medicine University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, North Carolina JESSICA L. BIENSTOCK, MD [105] Residency Program Director Assistant Professor Johns Hopkins Hospital Baltimore, Maryland PAUL BLACKBURN, DO [225] Residency Program Director Department of Emergency Medicine Maricopa Medical Center Phoenix, Arizona BARBARA K. BLOK, MD [52] Assistant Professor Department of Emergency Medicine Johns Hopkins Hospital Baltimore, Maryland DAVID A. BLUEMKE, MD, PhD [61] Associate Professor, Radiology Clinical Director, MRI Johns Hopkins University and Hospital Department of Radiology Baltimore, Maryland ANDY BOGGUST, MD [2] Department of Emergency Medicine Mayo Clinic School of Medicine Rochester, Minnesota MARK P. BOGNER, MD [94, 97] Assistant Clinical Professor Department of Emergency Medicine University of Wisconsin Medical School Madison, Wisconsin EDMUND BOLTON, MD [28] EM Healthcare Physicians Westmont, Illinois MICHAEL J. BONO, MD [91] Associate Professor Associate Residency Program Director Department of Emergency Medicine Eastern Virginia Medical School Norfolk, Virginia ASHLEY E. BOOTH, MD [142] University of Florida Health Sciences Center–Jacksonville Department of Emergency Medicine Jacksonville, Florida CARL BOSE, MD [4] Chief, Division of Neonatal–Perinatal Medicine Professor of Pediatrics University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, North Carolina GEORGE M. BOSSE, MD [164] Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine University of Louisville Medical Director–Kentucky Regional Poison Center Louisville, Kentucky SHARON A. BOSWELL, RN, BSN, CRNP [260] Clinical Nurse Practitioner R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center Baltimore, Maryland JAMES K. BOUZOUKIS, MD [82] Department of Emergency Medicine Medical Center of Delaware Wilmington, Delaware WILLIAM M. BOWLING, MD [259] Department of Surgery Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, Missouri WILLIAM J. BRADY, MD [85, 161, 210, 245, 246] Associate Professor Vice Chair and Program Director of Emergency Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine University of Virginia School of Medicine Charlottesville, Virginia Medical Director Charlottesville–Albemarle Rescue Squad Charlottesville, Virginia G. RICHARD BRAEN, MD [186] Professor and Chairman Department of Emergency Medicine State University of New York at Buffalo Buffalo, New York ANNE F. BRAYER, MD [204] Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics University of Rochester School of Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine Rochester, New York JASON H. BREDENKAMP, MD [270] Rockford Memorial Hospital Department of Emergency Medicine Rockford, Illinois JANE H. BRICE, MD, MPH [153] Assistant Professor Department of Emergency Medicine Medical Director, Orange County Emergency Medical Services University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, North Carolina JOSHUA S. BRODER, MD [86] Assistant Professor Coordinator, International Programs Department of Emergency Medicine University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, North Carolina TONIA J. BROUSSEAU, DO [117] Department of Emergency Medicine Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine The University of Florida Health Science Center Jacksonville, Florida JAMES BROWN, MD [294] Assistant Professor and Residency Program Director Wright State University Department of Emergency Medicine Dayton, Ohio KATHLEEN BROWN, MD [123] State University of New York–Upstate Department of Emergency Medicine Syracuse, New York ROBERT A. BROWNSTEIN, MD [143] Department of Emergency Medicine Rex Hospital Raleigh, North Carolina G. RICHARD BRUNO, MD [172, 181, 187] Director of Emergency Services University Hospital Brooklyn Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine Vice Chairman for Clinical Services Department of Emergency Medicine SUNY Downstate Medical Center State University of New York Brooklyn, New York TIMOTHY G. BUCHMAN, PhD., MD [259] Edison Professor of Surgery Professor of Anesthesiology and Medicine Department of Surgery Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis, Missouri BRIAN E. BURGESS, MD [82] Clinical Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine Jefferson Medical College Attending Physician, Christiana Care Health System Newark, Delaware Clinical Assistant Professor Physician Assistant Program Drexel University School of Nursing Hockessin, Delaware JOHN H. BURTON, MD [286] Research Director Department of Emergency Medicine Maine Medical Center Portland, Maine DAVID G. CALDICOTT, MD [196] Emergency and Trauma Registrar Royal Adelaide Hospital Adelaide, South Australia Australia MARY CAMARCA, MD [140] Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine Inova Fairfax Hospital for Children Falls Church, Virginia DONNA L. CARDEN, MD [146] Professor of Emergency and Internal Medicine Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center Departments of Internal & Emergency Medicine and Molecular & Cellular Physiology Shreveport, Lousiana TERESA M. CARLIN, MD [175] St. Christopher’s Hospital for Children Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Instructor, Department of Emergency Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland STUART CARR, MD [34] Assistant Clinical Professor Stollery Children’s Hospital Department of Pediatrics Edmonton, Alberta Canada WALLACE A. CARTER, MD [41, 44, 172, 181, 187] Emergency Medicine Residency Director New York Presbyterian Hospital Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine Weill Medical College of Cornell University Associate Professor of Medicine College of Physicians & Surgeons of Columbia University New York, New York CHRISTINA L. CATLETT, MD [10, 232] Assistant Professor Johns Hopkins Hospital Department of Emergency Medicine Baltimore, Maryland ALAN L. CAUSEY, MD [198] Clinical Assistant Professor of Pediatrics and Medicine University of South Florida College of Medicine Tampa, Florida Attending Physician, Pediatric Emergency Medicine Tampa General Hospital Tampa, Florida Attending Physician All Children’s Hospital St. Petersburg, Florida EUGENE E. CEPEDA, MD [13] Director, Newborn Nursery Hutzel Hospital Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Wayne State University Detroit, Michigan RICHARD C. CHANDLER, MD [284] Associate Program Director Emergency Medicine Residency Maine Medical Center Department of Emergency Medicine Portland, Maine ARJUN CHANMUGAM, MD, MBA [57, 177] Assistant Professor and Residency Director The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine Baltimore, Maryland MICHAEL E. CHANSKY, MD [211] Chair, Department of Emergency Medicine Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine and Internal Medicine Robert Wood Johnson Medical School/Camden The Cooper Health System Camden, New Jersey BENNETT CHIN, MD [61] Assistant Professor Department of Radiology Johns Hopkins University and Hospital Baltimore, Maryland ANIL CHOPRA, MD [59] Assistant Professor Department of Medicine University Health Network University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario Canada RICHARD A. CHRISTOPH, MD [136] Front Royal Pediatrics Front Royal, Virginia PATTY CHU, MD [222] Department of Emergency Medicine Methodist Willowbrook Hospital Houston, Texas RICHARD F. CLARK, MD [194] Professor of Medicine Director, UCSD Division of Medical Toxicology Medical Director, San Diego Division California Poison Control System UCSD Medical Center San Diego, California ELIZABETH A. CLEMENTS, PharmD [29] Clinical Specialist Emergency Medicine Adjunct Assistant Professor Department of Pharmacy Practice Spectrum Health Butterworth Campus Grand Rapids, Michigan Assistant Professor Department of Emergency Medicine Wayne State University Detroit, Michigan DAVID M. CLINE, MD [39, 54] Associate Professor and Research Director Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center Department of Emergency Medicine Winston–Salem, North Carolina REB CLOSE, MD [102] Department of Emergency Medicine Hospital of the Monterey Peninsula Monterey, California WENDY C. COATES, MD [43] Director Emergency Medicine Education Harbor–UCLA Medical Center Associate Professor of Medicine Vice–Chair, Acute Care College David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Torrance, California DANIEL J. COBAUGH, PharmD [162] Finger Lakes Regional Poison and Drug Information Center Assistant Professor Department of Emergency Medicine University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, New York IRENE COLETSOS, MS [295] University of Massachusetts School of Medicine Worcester, Massachusetts STEPHEN A. COLUCCIELLO, MD [257] Assistant Chair Director of Clinical Services and Trauma Coordinator Department of Emergency Medicine Carolinas Medical Center Charlotte, North Carolina Assistant Clinical Professor Department of Emergency Medicine University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, North Carolina ALASDAIR K. T. CONN, MD [261] Chief of Emergency Services Massachusetts General Hospital Assistant Professor of Surgery Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts MARCO COPPOLA, DO [282] Professor of Emergency Medicine Texas A&M University System Health Science Center Temple, Texas RANDOLPH CORDLE, MD [129, 133] Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine Boise, Idaho EDWARD E. CORNWELL, III, MD [251] Associate Professor Surgery, Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Johns Hopkins Hospital Department of Surgery Baltimore, Maryland C. JAMES CORRALL, MD, MPH [120] Clinical Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics Adjunct Associate Professor of Clinical Pharmacology Department of Emergency Medicine Emergency Medicine and Trauma Center Methodist Hospital of Indiana Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, Indiana FRANCIS L. COUNSELMAN, MD [279] EVMS Distinguished Professor of Emergency Medicine Chairman and Program Director Department of Emergency Medicine Eastern Virginia Medical School and Emergency Physicians of Tidewater Norfolk, Virginia PAT CROSKERRY, MD, PhD [312] Associate Professor Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia Canada Dartmouth General Hospital Department of Emergency Medicine Dartmouth, Nova Scotia Canada NATALIE CULLEN, MD [130] Department of Emergency Medicine Wright State University Dayton, Ohio RITA K. CYDULKA, MD, MS [68, 69] Associate Professor Department of Emergency Medicine Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine MetroHealth Medical Center Cleveland, Ohio FRANK F. S. DALY, MD, MBBS [195] Rocky Mountain Poison and Drug Center University of Colorado Health Sciences Center Denver, Colorado DANIEL F. DANZL, MD [19] Professor and Chair Department of Emergency Medicine University of Louisville School of Medicine Louisville, Kentucky RICHARD C. DART, MD, PhD [195] Director, Rocky Mountain Poison and Drug Center Denver Health Authority Professor, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center Denver, Colorado ELIZABETH M. DATNER, MD [16] Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine Philadelphia, Pennsylvania MOHAK DAVE, MD [69] Department of Emergency Medicine Case Western Reserve University/MetroHealth Medical Center Cleveland, Ohio DANIEL J. DEBEHNKE, MD [246] Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine Director of Clinical Operations and Vice Chair Department of Emergency Medicine Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Wisconsin KATHLEEN A. DELANEY, MD [188] Professor of Emergency Medicine University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, Texas GEORGE DELGADO, JR., PharmD [157] Clinical Pharmacy Specialist Emergency Medicine, Coordinator Emergency Medicine Specialty Residency Adjunct Assistant Professor Pharmacy Practice, Wayne State University Detroit Receiving Hospital & University Health Center Department of Pharmacy Services Detroit, Michigan DAVID DELLA–GIUSTINA, MD [282, 283] Chairman and Program Director Emergency Medicine Residency Madigan Army Medical Center Department of Emergency Medicine Tacoma, Washington CHRISTOPHER J. DENNY, MD [227] Division of Emergency Medicine Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario Canada Sunnybrook and Women’s Hospital Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences Toronto, Ontario Canada CHAYAN C. DEY, MD, MPH [206] Assistant Professor Director, International Emergency Medicine Fellowship Program Department of Emergency Medicine Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland DEBORAH B. DIERCKS, MD [51] Assistant Professor of Internal Medicine and Emergency Medicine University of California Davis Medical Center Sacramento, California GAIL D’ONOFRIO, MD [295] Associate Professor Yale University School of Medicine Director of Research Section of Emergency Medicine Yale New Haven Hospital New Haven, Connecticut SUZANNE DOYON, MD [167] Medical Director Maryland Poison Center Baltimore, Maryland WILLIAM DRIBBEN, MD [174] Assistant Professor Division of Emergency Medicine Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, Missouri OLLY DUCKETT, MD [139] Assistant Director, Pediatric Emergency Medicine Wake Medical Center Raleigh, North Carolina Adjunct Instructor Department of Emergency Medicine University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill COL. EDWARD M. EITZEN, JR., MD, MPH [8, 185] Chief Division of Operational Medicine USAMRIID Ft. Detrick, Maryland Associate Clinical Professor Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Bethesda, Maryland STEPHANIE R. ELLISON, MD [273] Assistant Professor Department of Emergency Medicine Truman Medical Center and University of Missouri–Kansas City Kansas City, Missouri CHARLES L. EMERMAN, MD [63, 173] Professor and Chairman Department of Emergency Medicine MetroHealth Medical Center Cleveland, Ohio JOHN ENG, MD [302] Assistant Professor of Radiology Department of Radiology and Radiological Science Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland RAKESH ENGINEER, MD [96] Cleveland Clinic Foundation Department of Emergency Medicine Cleveland, Ohio MERT EROGUL, MD [99] Assistant Professor State University of New York Downstate Medical Center Department of Emergency Medicine Brooklyn, New York ROBERT H. ESCARZA, MD [269] Clinical Assistant Professor of Surgery Department of Surgery University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford Rockford Memorial Hospital Rockford, Illinois BRIAN EUERLE, MD [35] Assistant Professor University of Maryland School of Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine Baltimore, Maryland RAWDEN EVANS, MD, PhD [86] Assistant Professor Department of Emergency Medicine University of Michigan Medical Center Ann Arbor, Michigan MARTIN L. FACKLER, MD [264] President International Wound Ballistics Association Hawthorne, Florida KIM M. FELDHAUS, MD [298] Associate Professor Division of Emergency Medicine Denver Health Medical Center University of Colorado Health Sciences Center Denver, Colorado RAYMOND M. FISH, MD, PhD [201, 202] Adjunct Professor in Bioengineering Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois, Urbana–Champaign Clinical Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine The Medical School at the University of Illinois Urbana, Illinois DENIS J. FITZGERALD, MD [78] Assistant Professor of Military and Emergency Medicine Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Adjunct Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, Ohio STEVEN G. FOLSTAD, MD, [152] Mid–Atlantic Emergency Medical Associates Charlotte, North Carolina KIMBERLEY B. FORTNER, MD [107] Division of Emergency Medicine University of Toronto Sunnybrook and Women’s College Health Sciences Center Toronto, Ontario, Canada MARK W. FOURRE, MD [285] Program Director Emergency Medicine Residency Maine Medical Center Portland, Maine Associate Professor of Surgery University of Vermont School of Medicine Burlington, Vermont DAVID R. FOWLER, MD [265] Chief Medical Examiner State of Maryland Maryland Forensic Medicine Center Office of the Chief Medical Examiner Baltimore, Maryland HAROLD E. FOX, MD, MS [105] Professor and Chair Residency Program Director Obstetrician/Gynecologist–in–Chief Department of OB/GYN Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Johns Hopkins Hospital Baltimore, Maryland WILLIAM J. FROHNA, MD [281] Chair, Department of Emergency Medicine Franklin Square Hospital Center Baltimore, Maryland Attending Physician Department of Emergency Medicine Washington Hospital Center and Children’s National Medical Center Washington, DC SUSAN FUCHS, MD [121] Associate Professor of Pediatrics Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Associate Director Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine Children’s Memorial Hospital Chicago, Illinois WADE R. GAASCH, MD [76] Assistant Professor of Surgery Division of Emergency Medicine University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland E. JOHN GALLAGHER, MD [72] Professor and University Chair Department of Emergency Medicine Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx, New York FIONA E. GALLAHUE, MD [44] Associate Residency Director New York Methodist Hospital Department of Emergency Medicine Brooklyn, New York DAVID R. GENS, MD [20] Associate Professor of Surgery R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center Program in Trauma at the University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland WILLIE GILFORD, JR., MD [123] Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham Department of Emergency Medicine Birmingham, Alabama JEFFREY N. GLASPY, MD [274] Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine Associate Residency Program Director UMKC–Truman Medical Center Department of Emergency Medicine Kansas City, Missouri LEWIS R. GOLDFRANK, MD [310] Professor and Chair Department of Emergency Medicine New York University Medical Center Bellevue Hospital Center New York, New York BRIAN GOLDMAN, MD [231] Staff Emergency Physician Mount Sinai Hospital Toronto, Canada Assistant Professor Department of Family and Community Medicine University of Toronto Toronto, Ontario Canada PHILLIP V. GORDON, MD, PhD [4] Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Division of Neonatology University of Virginia Health Science Center Department of Pediatrics Charlottesville, Virginia SUSAN J. GOTTLIEB, PhD [291] Department of Psychiatry William Beaumont Hospital Royal Oak, Michigan CHARLES S. GRAFFEO, MD [214] Associate Professor Eastern Virginia Medical School Department of Emergency Medicine Norfolk, Virginia MATTHEW C. GRATTON, MD [77] Associate Professor Department of Emergency Medicine Truman Medical Center University of Missouri at Kansas City School of Medicine Kansas City, Missouri EMS Medical Director Missouri EMS System Kansas City, Missouri GARY B. GREEN, MD, MPH [49] Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine and Pathology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine Baltimore, Maryland KELLY L. GROGAN, MD [26] Johns Hopkins Hospital Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Baltimore, Maryland JASON B. HACK, MD [156] Assistant Professor Department of Emergency Medicine Brody School of Medicine East Carolina University Greenville, North Carolina THERESA A. HACKELING, MD [244] Wake Medical Center Department of Emergency Medicine Raleigh, North Carolina PETER H. HACKETT, MD [207] Clinical Associate Professor Division of Emergency Medicine University of Colorado School of Medicine Denver, Colorado President, International Society for Mountain Medicine Ridgeway, Colorado ROBERT HADDON, MD, MS [240] The Cleveland Clinic Foundation Department of Emergency Medicine Cleveland, Ohio BRUCE L. HALL, MD, PhD, MBA [259] Assistant Professor of Surgery School of Medicine Adjunct Professor of Business Administration Olin School of Business Administration Washington University in Saint Louis St. Louis, Missouri PAUL R. HALLER, MD [275, 278] Assistant Professor Department of Emergency Medicine University of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minnesota GLENN HAMILTON, MD, MSM [294] Professor and Chair Wright State University Department of Emergency Medicine Kettering, Ohio DARCIE HAMMER, MD [27] Department of Emergency Medicine The Johns Hopkins Hospital Baltimore, Maryland DANIEL G. HANKINS, MD [2] Department of Emergency Medicine Co–Medical Director, Mayo Medical Transport Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota KAREN N. HANSEN, MD [169] Assistant Professor University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland CHRISTINA E. HANTSCH, MD [104] Middle Tennessee Poison Center Center for Clinical Toxicology Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, Tennessee FRED P. HARCHELROAD, JR., MD [200] Allegheny General Hospital Department of Emergency Medicine Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania KAREN M. HARDART, MD [112] Attending Physician Anne Arundel Medical Center Annapolis, Maryland RICHARD A. HARRIGAN, MD [161, 210] Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine Temple University Hospital and School of Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine Philadelphia, Pennsylvania BENJAMIN HARRISON, MD [283] Residency Director Madigan Army Medical Center Department of Emergency Medicine Tacoma, Washington NAEL HASAN, MD [257] Lynchburg General Hospital Department of Emergency Medicine Lynchburg, Virginia WILLIAM E. HAUDA II, MD [14, 131, 252] Assistant Clinical Professor of Emergency Medicine George Washington University School of Medicine Washington, DC Inova Fairfax Hospital Department of Emergency Medicine Falls Church, Virginia Adult Services Medical Director Falls Church, Virginia KENNON HEARD, MD [176] Assistant Professor, Division of Emergency Medicine Rocky Mountain Poison and Drug Center University of Colorado Health Sciences Center Denver, Colorado MICHAEL B. HELLER, MD [303] Clinical Professor, Emergency Medicine Temple University School of Medicine Program Director, Emergency Medicine Residency St. Lukes Hospital Bethlehem, Pennsylvania ROBIN R. HEMPHILL, MD [218, 219, 220, 221, 222] Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine Associate Residency Program Director Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine Nashville, Tennessee WILMA V. HENDERSON, MD [166] Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine Wayne State University Detroit Receiving Hospital Detroit, Michigan JENNIFER J. HESS, MD [83] Department of Emergency Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota ARMANDO HEVIA, MD [312] Assistant Professor Department of Emergency Medicine Louisiana State University New Orleans, Louisiana ERIC HIGGINBOTHAM, MD [37] Department of Emergency Medicine University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Assistant Consulting Professor Division of Emergency Medicine Duke University Durham, North Carolina PETER M. HILL, MD, MSc [49] Assistant Chief of Service Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center Instructor, Department of Emergency Medicine Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland JON MARK HIRSHON, MD, MPH [12] Assistant Professor University of Maryland School of Medicine Division of Emergency Medicine Departments of Surgery, Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine Baltimore, Maryland CHERRI HOBGOOD, MD [312] Assistant Professor Department of Emergency Medicine University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, North Carolina ROBERT S. HOFFMAN, MD [156, 168] Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine New York University School of Medicine Attending Physician, Bellevue Hospital Center Director, New York City Poison Control Center New York, New York DAVID E. HOGAN, DO [193] Oklahoma State University Integris Southwest Medical Center Division of Emergency Medicine Oklahoma City, Oklahoma JUDD E. HOLLANDER, MD, [40, 42, 48, 50, 51] Professor and Clinical Research Director Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Department of Emergency Medicine Philadelphia, Pennsylvania JEREMY J. HOLLERMAN, MD [264] Department of Radiology Hennepin County Medical Center and University of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minnesota CHRISTOPHER M. HOLMES, MD [126] Department of Emergency Medicine Swedish Medical Center Englewood, Colorado Senior Clinical Instructor University of Colorado Health Sciences Center Denver, Colorado EDMOND A. HOOKER, MD [88, 89] Associate Professor and Research Director Department of Emergency Medicine University of Louisville Louisville, Kentucky COURTNEY HOPKINS–MANN, MD [136] Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine Wake Medical Center Raleigh, North Carolina Adjunct Instructor Department of Emergency Medicine University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, North Carolina MARK A. HOSTETLER, MD, MPH [205] Assistant Professor Section of Emergency Medicine Department of Pediatrics The University of Chicago Medical Director Pediatric Emergency Department University of Chicago Children’s Hospital Chicago, Illinois DEBRA E. HOURY, MD, MPH [266] Assistant Professor Department of Emergency Medicine Associate Director, Center for Injury Control Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, Georgia DAVID S. HOWES, MD [94, 97] Program Director University of Chicago Emergency Medicine Residency Associate Professor of Medicine University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine Chicago, Illinois J. STEPHEN HUFF, MD [226, 229, 230] Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine and Neurology Departments of Emergency Medicine and Neurology University of Virginia Health System Charlottesville, Virginia ROGER L. HUMPHRIES, MD [66] Assistant Professor and Residency Director University of Kentucky College of Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine Lexington, Kentucky OLIVER L. HUNG, MD [171] Assistant Professor of Clinical Surgery and Emergency Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine Bellevue Hospital Center and New York University Medical Center New York, New York D. MONTE HUNTER, MD [283] Division of Sports Medicine Department of Orthopedics UCLA Medical Center Los Angeles, California JEFFERY C. HUTZLER, MD [289] Department of Psychiatry Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio GEOFFREY K. ISBISTER, BSc, MBBS [196] Clinical Toxicologist and Emergency Physician Newcastle Mater Hospital Lecturer, Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology University of Newcastle Newcastle, Australia KENNETH C. JACKIMCZYK, MD [293] Associate Chairman Maricopa Medical Center Emergency Department Phoenix, Arizona DAVID M. JAFFE, MD [121] Dana Brown Professor of Pediatrics Washington University School of Medicine Director of Emergency Services St. Louis Children’s Hospital Department of Emergency Pediatrics St. Louis, Missouri F. MICHAEL JAGGI, MD [224] Clinical Assistant Professor Department of Emergency Medicine University of Michigan Medical Center Ann Arbor, Michigan Chief of Emergency Medicine Hurley Medical Center Flint, Michigan DAVID M. JANICKE, MD, PhD [103] Associate Research Director State University of New York at Buffalo Department of Emergency Medicine Buffalo, New York DIETRICH V.K. JEHLE, MD [113] Director of Emergency Services Erie County Medical Center Associate Professor and Vice Chaiman Department of Emergency Medicine, SUNY at Buffalo School of Medicine Buffalo, New York MICHAEL N. JOHNSTON, MD [134] Assistant Professor of Clinical Pediatrics Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center New Orleans, Lousiana GARY A. JOHNSON, MD [58] Associate Professor SUNY Upstate Medical University Department of Emergency Medicine Syracuse, New York CARROLL P. JONES, MD [280] Department of Orthopaedics University of North Carolina School of Medicine Chapel Hill, North Carolina ELAINE B. JOSEPHSON, MD [98] Assistant Clinical Professor of Medicine Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons Department of Emergency Medicine St. Lukes–Roosevelt Hospital Center New York, New York JONATHAN JUI, MD, MPH [32] Professor Oregon Health Sciences University Department of Emergency Medicine Portland, Oregon LAURENCE M. KATZ, MD [24] Associate Professor Department of Emergency Medicine University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, North Carolina GABOR D. KELEN, MD [25, 27, 144, 259, 262] Professor and Chair Department of Emergency Medicine Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland ARTHUR L. KELLERMAN, MD, MPH [266] Professor and Chair Department of Emergency Medicine Director, Center for Injury Control Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, Georgia SCOTT S. KELLEY, MD [280] Clinical Professor Duke University Department of Surgery Division of Orthopaedics Durham, North Carolina MARK A. KIRK, MD [174] Medical Toxicology Fellowship Director Division of Medical Toxicology Department of Emergency Medicine University of Virginia Blue Ridge Poison Center Charlottesville, Virginia THOMAS D. KIRSCH, MD, MPH [255] Maricopa Medical Center Phoenix, Arizona Medical Director Department of Emergency Medicine Chandler Regional Hospital Chandler, Arizona NIRANJAN KISSOON, MD [117] Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine Chief, Division of Critical Care Medicine University of Florida Health Sciences Center–Jacksonville Department of Pediatrics Jacksonville, Florida KELLY R. KLEIN, MD [8, 185] Regional Poison Control Center Children’s Hospital of Michigan Detroit, Michigan JEFFREY A. KLINE, MD [56, 176] Director of Research Carolinas Medical Center Department of Emergency Medicine Charlotte, North Carolina Adjunct Associate Professor Department of Emergency Medicine University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill SANFORD H. KOLTONOW, MD, Psy.S. [296] Department of Emergency Medicine and Director of Physician Wellness Programs William Beaumont Hospital Royal Oak, Michigan Assistant Clinical Professor Department of Emergency Medicine Wayne State University Detroit, Michigan MAYBELLE KOU, MD [124, 137] Department of Emergency Medicine Pediatric Emergency Medicine Fellowship Director Inova Fairfax Hospital Falls Church, Virginia Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Georgetown University School of Medicine and George Washington University School of Medicine Washington, DC GARY S. KRAUSE, MD, MS [23] Edward S. Thomas Distinguished Professor Department of Emergency Medicine and the Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics Wayne State University School of Medicine Detroit, Michigan RICHARD S. KRAUSE, MD [103] Residency Director State University of New York at Buffalo Department of Emergency Medicine Buffalo, New York JOEL KRAVITZ, MD [141] Assistant Residency Director Department of Emergency Medicine Albert Einstein Medical Center Philadelphia, Pennsylvania STEVEN KRONICK, MD, PhD [90] Clinical Assistant Professor University of Michigan Department of Emergency Medicine Ann Arbor, Michigan BRYAN R. KUHN, PharmD [29] Department of Emergency Medicine Specialty Pharmacy Services Detroit Receiving Hospital and University Health Center Department of Pharmacy Services Detroit, Michigan GLORIA J. KUHN, DO, PhD [106, 108] Associate Professor and Vice–Chair Department of Emergency Medicine Wayne State University Detroit Receiving Hospital Detroit, Michigan ALAN M. KUMAR, MD [263] Lutheran General Hospital Department of Emergency Medicine Park Ridge, Illinois JAY LADDE, MD [236] Assistant Professor Valencia Community College Department of Emergency Medical Services Orlando Regional Medical Center Orlando, Florida RICHARD L. LAMMERS, MD [46] Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine Michigan State University/Kalamazoo Center for Medical Studies Department of Emergency Medicine Kalamazoo, Michigan JAMES L. LARSON, JR., MD [272] Assistant Professor Assistant Residency Director Clinical Director, Department of Emergency Medicine University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, North Carolina FRANK W. LAVOIE, MD [80] Chief, Department of Emergency Medicine Southern Maine Medical Center Biddeford, Maine Clinical Associate Professor University of Vermont College of Medicine Burlington, Vermont and University of New England College of Osteopathic Medicine Biddeford, Maine DAVID LEADER, DO [136] Department of Emergency Medicine Wake Medical Center Raleigh, North Carolina Adjunct Assistant Professor Department of Emergency Medicine University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill FREDERICK LEVY, MD [262] Assistant Professor Department of Emergency Medicine Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland HORACE K. LIANG, MD, MA [215, 216] Assistant Professor Department of Emergency Medicine Johns Hopkins Hospital Baltimore, Maryland ERICA L. LIEBELT, MD [134] Director Medical Toxicology Services Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine Children’s Hospital Birmingham, Alabama G. PATRICK LILJA, MD [1] Clinical Professor, Emergency Medicine University of Minnesota Medical School Medical Director, Emergency and Trauma Services North Memorial Medical Center Minneapolis, Minnesota JOAO A.C. LIMA, MD [61] Assistant Professor, Cardiology Clinical Director, Echocardiology Lab Johns Hopkins University and Hospital Department of Cardiology Baltimore, Maryland CHRISTOPHER A. LIPINSKI, MD [255] Assistant Professor of Clinical Surgery and Director of Emergency Medicine Research University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix Programs Maricopa Medical Center Phoenix, Arizona MICHAEL LONDNER, MD, MPH, MBA [27, 111] Assistant Professor Clinical Director Johns Hopkins Hospital Department of Emergency Medicine Baltimore, Maryland HEATHER LONG, MD [184] Department of Emergency Medicine North Shore University Hospital Manhasset, New York KEITH E. LORING, MD, MPH [235] Medical Director and Chief Department of Emergency Medicine St. Mary’s Medical Center San Francisco, California Assistant Clinical Professor of Surgery Department of Surgery Division of Emergency Services University of California San Francisco General Hospital San Francisco, California CARY L. LUBKIN, MD [211] Assitant Director Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine UMDNJ–Robert Wood Johnson Medical School at Camden The Cooper Health System Camden, New Jersey MICHAEL LUCCHESI, MD [239] Associate Professor and Chairman Downstate Medical Center State University of New York Department of Emergency Medicine Brooklyn, New York DESMOND J. LUGG, MD [208] Chief, Medicine of Extreme Environments Office of the Chief Health and Medical Officer NASA Headquarters, Code AM, Washington, DC Distinguished Research Professor George Mason University Fairfax, Virginia Head Polar Medicine Australian Antarctic Division Kingston, Tasmania Australia O. JOHN MA, MD [253] Vice Chair Department of Emergency Medicine Truman Medical Center Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine University of Missouri–Kansas City School of Medicine Kansas City, Missouri ANTHONY G. MACINTYRE, MD [7] Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine George Washington University Department of Emergency Medicine Washington, DC RICHARD MALLEY, MD [122] Assistant Professor in Pediatrics Harvard Medical School Children’s Hospital Divisions of Emergency Medicine and Infectious Diseases Boston, Massachusetts ANN E. MALONEY, MD [292] Department of Psychiatry University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, North Carolina JAMES E. MANNING, MD [24, 31] Associate Professor and Vice Chair University of North Carolina School of Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine Chapel Hill, North Carolina CATHERINE A. MARCO, MD [17, 144, 145] Associate Professor, Medical College of Ohio Acute Care Services, St. Vincent Mercy Medical Center Toledo, Ohio HEATHER MARSHALL, DO [173] Department of Emergency Medicine Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, Ohio MARCUS L. MARTIN, MD [245] Professor and Chair University of Virginia School of Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine Charlottesville, Virginia MARIA G. MATHEUS, MD [237] Visiting Professor, Neuroradiology Department of Radiology Chapel Hill, North Carolina LISA MAY, MD [247, 248, 249, 250] Biltmore Dermatology Associates Ashville, North Carolina THOM MAYER, MD [124, 128, 131, 137, 140] President, Emergency Physicians of Northern Virginia, Ltd. Professor of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics Georgetown University & George Washington University Schools of Medicine Inova–Fairfax Hospital Department of Emergency Medicine Falls Church, Virginia MARSHALL C. McCOY, MD [301] Associate Professor Medical Director, UNC AirCare University of North Carolina Department of Emergency Medicine Chapel Hill, North Carolina ROBERT McNAMARA, MD [73] Professor and Chair Department of Emergency Medicine Temple University School of Medicine Philadelphia, Pennsylvania WILLIAM J. MEGGS, MD, PhD [182] Professor and Chief of Division of Toxicology Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University Department of Emergency Medicine Greenville, North Carolina HAGOP S. MEKHJIAN, MD [81] Professor, Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal Medicine The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Public Health Columbus, Ohio SCOTT W. MELANSON, MD [303] Associate Director Emergency Medicine Residency St. Luke’s Hospital Bethlehem, Pennsylvania Assistant Clinical Professor Temple University School of Medicine Philadelphia, Pennsylvania STEPHEN W. MELDON, MD [253] Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, Ohio MetroHealth Medical Center Department of Emergency Medicine Cleveland, Ohio FRANTZ R. MELIO, MD, FACEP [287] Executive Director ED Operations St Vincent Hospital Santa Fe, New Mexico President Northern New Mexico Emergency Medical Services PETER MELLIS, MD [114, 116] Associate Clinical Professor of Pediatrics Virginia Commonwealth University Health System Director, Pediatric Emergency Services Chippenham Medical Center Midlothian, Virginia MOSS H. MENDELSON, MD [75] Associate Professor Eastern Virginia School of Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine Norfolk, Virginia JEFFREY S. MENKES, MD [267] Hartford Medical Group Hartford Hospital Hartford, Connecticut Clinical Instructor of Emergency Medicine University of Connecticut School of Medicine Farmington, Connecticut JOHN T. MEREDITH, MD, [151] Clinical Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University Department of Emergency Medicine Greenville, North Carolina DANIELA MESHKAT, MD [111] Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The Howard County General Hospital Baltimore, Maryland JOHN A. MICHAEL, MD [276, 277] Department of Emergency Medicine The Northshore Medical Center Salem, Massachusetts MICHAEL R. MILL, MD [60] Professor and Chief Cardiothoracic Surgery University of North Carolina School of Medicine Director, Transplantation Services, University of North Carolina Hospitals University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, North Carolina MICHELLE S. MILL, RN, BSN, CCTC [60] Heart Transplant Coordinator University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, North Carolina KIRK C. MILLS, MD [158, 159, 160] Clinical Assistant Professor Wayne State University Detroit, Michigan JOHN D. MITCHELL, MD [238] Senior Attending Surgeon Washington National Eye Center/Washington Hospital Center Washington, DC DONALD A. MOFFA, JR., MD [63] Department of Emergency Medicine Case Western Reserve University MetroHealth Emergency Medicine Cleveland Clinic Foundation Cleveland, Ohio GREGORY P. MOORE, MD, JD [293] Department of Emergency Medicine Kaiser Sacramento/Roseville Sacramento, California Volunteer Clinical Faculty University of California at Davis Department of Emergency Medicine DONNA MORO–SUTHERLAND, MD [136, 138] Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine Wake Medical Center Raleigh, North Carolina Adjunct Assistant Professor Departments of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, North Carolina DEAN MORRELL, MD [247, 248, 249, 250] Assistant Professor Director of Pediatric and Adolescent Dermatology University of North Carolina Department of Dermatology Chapel Hill, North Carolina LAURIE J. MORRISON, MSc, MD [101] Associate Professor, Division of Emergency Medicine University of Toronto Sunnybrook and Women’s College Health Sciences Center Toronto, Ontario ROBERT L. MUELLEMAN, MD [268] Professor and Chief University of Nebraska Medical Center Department of Emergency Medicine Omaha, Nebraska J. BRENT MYERS, MD, MPH [153] Assistant Professor Department of Emergency Medicine Director, Wake County Emergency Medical Services University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, North Carolina LEWIS S. NELSON, MD [171, 179, 184, 189, 190] Assistant Clinical Professor of Emergency Medicine New York University School of Medicine Director, Medical Toxicology Fellowship New York City Poison Center New York, New York TOM NEUMAN, MD [197] Professor of Medicine and Surgery Department of Emergency Medicine Director, Hyperbaric Medicine Center University of California, San Diego Medical Center San Diego, California TINA M. NEWMAN, MD [52] Piedmont Emergency Medicine Associates Charlotte, North Carolina H. BRYANT NGUYEN, MD, MS [30] Instructor Loma Linda University School of Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine Loma Linda, California LINDA M. NICHOLAS, MD, MS [292] Associate Professor University of North Carolina School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry Chapel Hill, North Carolina MARK A. NICHTER, MD [198] Affiliate Associate Professor of Pediatrics University of South Florida School of Medicine Chief, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine All Children’s Hospital St. Petersburg, Florida DAVID D. NICOLAOU, MD [25, 38] Assistant Professor Department of Emergency Medicine and Division of Health Sciences Informatics Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Johns Hopkins Hospital Baltimore, Maryland JAMES T. NIEMANN, MD [55] Professor of Medicine Harbor–University of California at Los Angeles Medical Center Department of Emergency Medicine Torrance, California MICHAEL A. NIGRO, DO [125] Professor of Pediatrics and Neurology Wayne State University School of Medicine Detroit, Michigan Michigan Institute for Neurological Disorders Farmington Hills, Michigan RICHARD A. NOCKOWITZ, MD [290] Department of Psychiatry The Ohio State University School of Medicine Columbus, Ohio THOMAS P. NOELLER, MD [70] EPS/TeamHealth St. John Westshore Hospital Westlake, Ohio Southwest General Health Center Middleberg Heights, Ohio ERIC K. NOJI, MD, MPH [6] Special Assistant to the US Surgeon General for Homeland Security and Disaster Medicine US Public Health Service Washington, DC JOHN N. OH, MD [308] Assistant Professor University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Chapel Hill, North Carolina JOSEPH P. ORNATO, MD [11] Professor and Chairman Virginia Commonwealth University Health System Department of Emergency Medicine Richmond, Virginia HAROLD H. OSBORN, MD [149, 178] Bronx Lebanon Hospital Emergency Department Bronx, New York ERIC W. OSSMANN, MD [5] Assistant Professor Emory University School of Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine Atlanta, Georgia RONNY M. OTERO, MD [30] Assistant Professor Division of Emergency Medicine Duke University Durham, North Carolina DAVID T. OVERTON, MD [74] Professor and Chairman Department of Emergency Medicine Emergency Medicine Program Director Michigan State University College of Human Medicine Michigan State Kalamazoo Center for Medical Studies Kalamazoo, Michigan JOSEPH PAGANE, MD [236] Clinical Assistant Professor University of Florida Department of Emergency Medicine Orlando, Florida PETER J. PAGANUSSI [137] Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine Inova–Fairfax Hospital Falls Church, Virginia ARTHUR M. PANCIOLI, MD, FACEP [78] Associate Professor and Vice Chairman University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine Cincinnatti, Ohio PETER R. PEACOCK, JR., MD [92] Assistant Professor State University of New York–Downstate Kings County Hospital Center Department of Emergency Medicine Brooklyn, New York W. FRANKLIN PEACOCK IV, MD [33, 53, 96, 240, 241] Associate Professor The Ohio State University Emergency Department Clinical Operations Director Medical Director, Event Medicine The Cleveland Clinic Foundation Department of Emergency Medicine Cleveland, Ohio DEBRA G. PERINA [213] Associate Professor Department of Emergency Medicine University of Virginia School of Medicine Charlottesville, Virginia ANDREW D. PERRON, MD [226, 245, 246] Department of Emergency Medicine Maine Medical Center Portland, Maine JEANMARIE PERRONE, MD [168] Co–Director Division of Toxicology Assistant Professor Department of Emergency Medicine University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine Attending Physician Emergency Department Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Pennsylvania SHAWNA J. PERRY, MD [142] Assistant Professor and Assistant Chair University of Florida Health Sciences Center–Jacksonville Department of Emergency Medicine Jacksonville, Florida PAMELA L. PIGGOTT, MD [10] Department of Emergency Medicine Pitt County Memorial Hospital East Carolina University School of Medicine Greenville, North Carolina JAMIE PILAROWSKI, PharmD [157] Clinical Pharmacist Detroit Receiving Hospital/Detroit Medical Center Department of Pharmacy Services Detroit, Michigan FREDERICK PLACE, MD [128] Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine Emergency Physicians of Northern Virginia Inova Fairfax Hospital Falls Church, Virginia CHARLES V. POLLACK, JR., MD [224] Associate Professor Department of Emergency Medicine University of Pennsylvania Medical Center Philadelphia, Pennsylvania NANCY POOK, MD [130] Clinical Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics Wright State University Dayton, Ohio JANET M. POPONICK, MD [65, 71] MetroHealth Medical Center Department of Emergency Medicine Cleveland, Ohio ROBERT D. POWERS, MD, MPH [47] Professor of Emergency Medicine Chief of Emergency Medicine University of Connecticut School of Medicine Hartford Hospital Department of Emergency Medicine Hartford, Connecticut TIMOTHY G. PRICE, MD [79] Assistant Professor Department of Emergency Medicine University of Louisville Louisville, Kentucky LOUISE A. PRINCE, MD [58] Assistant Professor State University of New York–Upstate Department of Emergency Medicine Syracuse, New York SUSAN B. PROMES, MD [16, 141] Associate Clinical Professor of Surgery Residency Director Division of Emergency Medicine Duke University Medical Center Chapel Hill, North Carolina PETER PRONOVOST, MD, PhD [26] Associate Professor Departments of Anesthesiology & Critical Care, Surgery, & Health Policy Management Medical Director Center for Innovations in Quality Patient Care The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Johns Hopkins Hospital Baltimore, Maryland ARTHUR F. PROUST, MD [270] Associate Director Emergency Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine Rockford Memorial Hospital Clinical Assistant Professor Department of Surgery University of Illinois College of Medicine Rockford Rockford, Illinois KATHERINE M. PRYBYS, DO [169] Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland KIMBERLY S. QUAYLE, MD [121] Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis Children’s Hospital Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine St. Louis, Missouri RALPH H. RAASCH, PharmD [155] Associate Professor of Pharmacy Clinical Associate Professor of Medicine University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Pharmacy Chapel Hill, North Carolina MARK B. RABOLD, MD [191] Medical Director Emergency Department St. Peter’s Hospital Helena, Montana KATHLEEN A. RAFTERY, MD [311] Department of Emergency Medicine Brigham & Women’s Hospital Boston, Massachusetts RAMA B. RAO, MD [310] Assistant Clinical Professor Bellevue Hospital Center New York University Medical Center Department of Emergency Medicine New York, New York ROBERT F. REARDON, MD [113] Assistant Professor of Clinical Emergency Medicine University of Minnesota Department of Emergency Medicine Hennepin County Medical Center Minneapolis, Minnesota SEAN M. REES, MD [189] Department of Emergency Medicine Bethesda and Good Samaritan Hospitals Cincinnati, Ohio EARL J. REISDORFF, MD [45] Director of Medical Education Ingham Regional Medical Center Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine Michigan State University Lansing, Michigan JOSEPH G. RELLA, MD [179, 190] Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine University School of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey Consultant, New Jersey Poison and Information Education System Newark, New Jersey KATHY J. RINNERT, MD, MPH [154] Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine University of Texas–Southwestern Medical Center Division of Emergency Medicine Department of Surgery Dallas, Texas EMANUEL P. RIVERS, MD, MPH [30] Associate Professor and Senior Staff Attending Physician Departments of Emergency Medicine and Surgery Director of Research Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, Ohio Henry Ford Hospital Department of Emergency Medicine Detroit, Michigan WALTER C. ROBEY III, MD [182] Clinical Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University Department of Emergency Medicine Greenville, North Carolina A. MICHAEL ROMAN, MD [18] Department of Emergency Medicine University of Arkansas Little Rock, Arkansas ALEXANDER M. ROSENAU, MD [135] Department of Emergency Medicine Lehigh Valley Hospital Allentown, Pennsylvania RICHARD E. ROTHMAN, MD, PhD [144, 145] Assistant Professor Department of Emergency Medicine The Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland DAVID M. ROTTINGHAUS, MD [200] Fellow, Medical Toxicology Department of Emergency Medicine Allegheny General Hospital Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania BRIAN H. ROWE, MD, MSc [34] Canada Research Chair in Emergency Airway Diseases Research Director, Division of Emergency Medicine Professor, University of Alberta University of Alberta Hospital Edmonton, Alberta Canada MARCIE RUBIN, MD [15] Department of Emergency Medicine Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital Boston, Massachusetts JOHN P. RUDZINSKI, MD [271] Department of Emergency Medicine Rockford Memorial Hospital Rockford, Illinois DOUGLAS A. RUND, MD [81, 288, 289, 290] Professor and Chairman Ohio State University Department of Emergency Medicine Columbus, Ohio MICHAEL D. RUSH, MD [212] Assistant Professor University of Missouri–Kansas City Truman Medical Center Department of Emergency Medicine Kansas City, Missouri WILLIAM A. RUTALA, PhD, MPH [147] University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Division of Infectious Diseases Chapel Hill, North Carolina SAMY SAAD, MD [139] Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine Wake Medical Center Raleigh, North Carolina Adjunct Assistant Professor Department of Emergency Medicine University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill ALEXANDER H. SACKEYFIO, MD [291] Coordinator–Eating Disorders Program William Beaumont Hospital Royal Oak, Michigan Associate Professor of Psychiatry Michigan State University East Lansing, Michigan ANNIE T. SADOSTY, MD [83] Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine Mayo Clinic Department of Emergency Medicine Rochester, Minnesota NICHOLAS SADOVNIKOFF, MD [15] Department of Anesthesiology Critical Care Medicine Brigham & Women’s Hospital Boston, Massachusetts PATRICIA R. SALBER, MD, MBA [299] Senior Medical Director Center for Health Improvement Blue Shield of California San Francisco, California ARTHUR B. SANDERS, MD [307] Professor of Emergency Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson, Arizona SALLY A. SANTEN, MD [223] Assistant Professor Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Assistant Program Director Vanderbilt University Emergency Medicine Residency Department of Emergency Medicine Nashville, Tennessee THOMAS M. SCALEA, MD [35, 256, 260] Physician–in–Chief R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center Francis X Kelly Professor of Trauma Surgery University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland ROBERT W. SCHAFERMEYER, MD [127] Associate Chair Department of Emergency Medicine Carolinas Medical Center Charlotte, North Carolina Clinical Professor Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics University of North Carolina School of Medicine Chapel Hill, North Carolina RAQUEL M. SCHEARS, MD, MPH [163, 165] Assistant Professor in Emergency Medicine Mayo Clinic, St. Mary’s Hospital Department of Emergency Medicine Rochester, Minnesota ROBERT E. SCHNEIDER, MD [95] Department of Emergency Medicine Carolinas Medical Center Charlotte, North Carolina Clinical Assistant Professor Department of Emergency Medicine University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill SANDRA M. SCHNEIDER, MD [162, 204, 205] Professor and Chair Department of Emergency Medicine University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry Rochester, New York AARON B. SCHNEIR, MD [194] Assistant Clinical Professor of Medicine University of California at San Diego Medical Center Department of Emergency Medicine Division of Medical Toxicolgy San Diego, California CHARLES N. SCHOENFELD, MD [217] Assistant Professor John Hopkins School of Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine Baltimore, Maryland MICHAEL J. SCHULL, MD, MSc [227] Assistant Professor Department of Medicine, Division of Emergency Medicine University of Toronto Emergency Department Sunnybrook and Women’s College Health Sciences Center Toronto, Ontario Canada ROBERT A. SCHWAB, MD [47] Professor and Chair University of Missouri–Kansas City School of Medicine Truman Medical Center Department of Emergency Medicine Kansas City, Missouri LAWRENCE R. SCHWARTZ, MD [199] Assistant Professor Department of Emergency Medicine Wayne State University School of Medicine Detroit Receiving Hospital Detroit, Michigan PHILLIP A. SCOTT, MD [228] Assistant Professor University of Michigan Department of Emergency Medicine Ann Arbor, Michigan DONNA L. SEGER, MD [104] Assistant Professor of Medicine and Emergency Medicine Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Medical Director Middle Tennessee Poison Center Nashville, Tennessee EMILY H. SHEFFER, MD [100] St. Luke’s–Roosevelt Hospital Department of Emergency Medicine New York, New York SUZANNE M. SHEPHERD, MD, MS [109, 306] Associate Professor, Emergency Medicine Director of Education & Research Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Department of Emergency Medicine Philadelphia, Pennsylvania RICHARD O. SHIELDS, JR., MD [84] Chairman, Department of Emergency Medicine Candler Hospital Savannah, Georgia WILLIAM H. SHOFF, MD [109] Associate Professor, Emergency Medicine Director, PENN Travel Medicine Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Department of Emergency Medicine Philadelphia, Pennsylvania CAROL G. SHORES, MD, PhD [243, 244] Assistant Professor University of North Carolina School of Medicine Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery Chapel Hill, North Carolina SUSAN L. SIEGFREID, MD [292] Kansas City VA Medical Center Kansas City, Missouri Clinical Assistant Professor University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City, Kansas LINMARIE SIKICH, MD [309] Medical Director Adolescent Inpatient Unit Assistant Professor of Psychiatry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Division of Child Psychiatry Chapel Hill, North Carolina MICHAEL A. SILVERMAN, MD [112] Associate Director Department of Emergency Medicine St. Agnes Healthcare Baltimore, Maryland Instructor of Emergency Medicine The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland RICHARD SINERT, DO [92, 93, 99] Associate Professor State University of New York Downstate Medical Center Department of Emergency Medicine Brooklyn, New York JONATHAN I. SINGER, MD [130] Professor of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics Wright State University School of Medicine Vice Chairman of Emergency Medicine Associate Emergency Medicine Residency Program Director Wright State University Department of Emergency Medicine Dayton, Ohio ADAM J. SINGER, MD [40, 42, 48] Associate Professor Director of Clinical Research Stony Brook University Department of Emergency Medicine Stony Brook, New York JATINDER SINGH, MD [98] St. Luke’s–Roosevelt Hospital Center Department of Emergency Medicine New York, New York EDWARD P. SLOAN, MD, MPH [234] Associate Professor and Research Development Director Department of Emergency Medicine University of Illinois College of Medicine Attending Physician, Emergency Services University of Illinois Hospital University of Illinois–Chicago Chicago, Illinois JOHN E. SMIALEK, MD [265]* Head, Forensic Pathology Associate Professor Department of Pathology University of Maryland Baltimore, Maryland *Deceased. SUMMER A. SMITH, MD [126] Departments of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics Swedish Hospital Englewood, Colorado BRIAN SNYDER, MD [197] Assistant Clinical Professor of Medicine Hyperbaric Medicine Center University of California, San Diego Medical Center Department of Emergency Medicine San Diego, California MARK SPEKTOR, DO [93] Assistant Professor Assistant Residency Director State University of New York Downstate Medical Center Kings County Hospital Center Department of Emergency Medicine Brooklyn, New York JULIE M. SPENCE, MD [101] Assistant Professor St. Michael’s Hospital Division of Emergency Medicine Toronto, Ontario Canada J. STEPHAN STAPCZYNSKI, MD [62] Professor and Former Chair Department of Emergency Medicine University of Kentucky College of Medicine Lexington, Kentucky MICHAEL STAVA, MD [67] Voluntary Professor Department of Emergency Medicine University of Kentucky College of Medicine Lexington, Kentucky MARK T. STEELE, MD [273, 274] Professor and Associate Dean University of Missouri–Kansas City School of Medicine Chief Medical Officer Truman Medical Center Department of Emergency Medicine Kansas City, Missouri IAN G. STIELL, MD, MSc [276, 277] Professor and Head Department of Emergency Medicine University of Ottawa Chair of Emergency Medicine Research Ottawa Health Research Institute Senior Scientist, Clinical Epidemiology Unit Distinguished Investigator, Canadian Institutes of Health Research Ottawa Hospital Civic Campus Clinical Epidemiology Unit Ottawa, Ontario Canada C. KEITH STONE, MD [3] Chairman Department of Emergency Medicine Texas A&M University Health Science Center Scott and White Memorial Hospital Temple, Texas SUSAN STONE, MD, MPH [41] Associate Residency Director Assistant Professor University of Southern California School of Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine Los Angeles, California BHARAT SUTARIYA, MD [21] Clinical Assistant Professor Department of Emergency Medicine Wayne State University Attending Physician, Emergency Medicine Detroit Receiving and Huron Valley–Sinai Hospitals Detroit, Michigan ELLEN H. TALIAFERRO, MD [300] Professor of Surgery Division of Emergency Medicine San Francisco General Hospital San Francisco, California NELSON TANG, MD [254] Assistant Professor Department of Emergency Medicine The Johns Hopkins University Director, Division of Special Operations The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Baltimore, Maryland PAUL J.W. TAWNEY, MD [308] Associate Professor University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Chapel Hill, North Carolina MALEK TEBACHE, MD [61] Department of Radiology Johns Hopkins Hospital Baltimore, Maryland STEPHEN H. THOMAS, MD, MPH [3] Assistant in Emergency Services Massachusetts General Hospital Assistant Professor of Surgery Harvard Medical School Associate Medical Director, Boston MedFlight Boston, Massachusetts KEITH THOMASSET, MD [177] Department of Emergency Medicine Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore, Maryland CAROLINE A. TIMMERMAN, MD [228] Department of Emergency Medicine University of Michigan Detroit, Michigan ANNE TINTINALLI, MD [239] Clinical Instructor Department of Emergency Medicine Wayne State University Detroit Receiving Hospital Detroit, Michigan JUDITH E. TINTINALLI, MD, MS [85] Professor and Chair Department of Emergency Medicine Adjunct Professor Department of Health Policy and Administration University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, North Carolina RUDOLPH J. TRIANA JR., MD [244] MidWest Ear Nose & Throat Evansville, Indiana DOUGLAS R. TROSCINSKI, MD [138] Assistant Emergency Medicine Residency Director Wake Medical Center Raleigh, North Carolina Assistant Professor Department of Emergency Medicine University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill DENNIS T. UEHARA, MD [269, 270, 271] Chairman, Department of Emergency Medicine Rockford Memorial Hospital Clinical Professor of Surgery, Department of Surgery University of Illinois College of Medicine Rockford Rockford, Illinois KEITH W. VAN METER, MD [203] Clinical Professor of Medicine Louisiana State University School of Medicine Louisiana State University Section Head of Emergency Medicine Charity Hospital of Louisiana–LSU New Orleans, Louisiana MICHAEL J. VANROOYEN, MD, MPH [107, 206] Associate Professor and Vice Chair Director, Center for International Emergency, Disaster and Refugee Studies Johns Hopkins University Department of Emergency Medicine Baltimore, Maryland LARISSA I. VELEZ, MD [188] Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine University of Texas–Southwestern Medical Center Division of Emergency Medicine Dallas, Texas RAGHU VENUGOPAL, MD [206] Center for International Emergency, Disaster and Refugee Studies Johns Hopkins University Department of Emergency Medicine Baltimore, Maryland SALVATOR J. VICARIO, MD [79] Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine University of Louisville School of Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine Louisville, Kentucky ROBERT J. VISSERS, MD [19, 37, 87, 311] Residency Director and Assistant Professor University of North Carolina Department of Emergency Medicine Chapel Hill, North Carolina MICHAEL C. WADMAN, MD [268] Assistant Professor Section of Emergency Medicine University of Nebraska College of Medicine Omaha, Nebraska JAMES S. WALKER, DO [193] Department of Emergency Medicine Oklahoma Heart Hospital Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Clinical Professor of Surgery University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Oklahoma City, Oklahoma MICHAEL M. WANG, MD, PhD [233] Assistant Professor Departments of Neurology and Anesthesiology/Critical Care Medicine Johns Hopkins University Johns Hopkins Hospital Baltimore, Maryland MARY CHESTER MORGAN WASKO, MD [284] Department of Medicine Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania THOMAS A. WATERS, MD [241] Clinical Instructor Case Western Reserve University Director of Education Department of Emergency Medicine The Cleveland Clinic Foundation Cleveland, Ohio PAUL M. WAX, MD [180, 183] Fellowship Director, Medical Toxicology Banner Samaritan Medical Center Professor of Clinical Emergency Medicine University of Arizona School of Medicine Phoenix, Arizona BARRY A. WAYNE, MD, CDR, MC, USN [9] Assistant Professor and Director, Education Division Department of Military and Emergency Medicine Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Bethesda, Maryland ROBERT L. WEARS, MD, MS [312] Professor Department of Emergency Medicine University of Florida Health Sciences Center–Jacksonville Jacksonville, Florida DAVID J. WEBER, MD, MPH [147] Professor of Medicine, Pediatrics, and Epidemiology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Director of Hospital Epidemiology Medical Director of Occupational Health Services UNC Heathcare Systems Chapel Hill, North Carolina JIM EDWARD WEBER, DO [33, 224] Assistant Professor University of Michigan Medical School Department of Emergency Medicine Ann Arbor, Michigan MICHAEL S. WEINSTOCK, MD [135] Lehigh Valley Hospital Department of Emergency Medicine Allentown, Pennsylvania IRWIN D. WEISMAN, MD, PhD [305] Consulting Radiologists, Ltd. Minneapolis, Minnesota Clinical Assistant Professor of Radiology University of Minnesota Cambridge Medical Center Cambridge, Minnesota HOWARD A. WERMAN, MD [77, 81] Professor of Clinical Emergency Medicine Medical Director, MedFlight The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Public Health Department of Emergency Medicine Columbus, Ohio BLAINE C. WHITE, MD [23] Professor and Associate Chair Department of Emergency Medicine Professor Department of Physiology, and the Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics Wayne State University School of Medicine Detroit, Michigan DREW WHITE, MD [254] Instructor Department of Emergency Medicine The Johns Hopkins University Assistant Chief of Service The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Johns Hopkins Hospital Baltimore, Maryland SUZANNE R. WHITE, MD [8, 185] Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics Medical Director Resgional Poison Control Center Children’s Hospital of Michigan Detroit, Michigan DANIEL E. WIENER, MD [100] Chairman, Department of Emergency Medicine Assistant Professor of Clinical Medicine Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons St. Luke’s–Roosevelt Hospital Department of Emergency Medicine New York, New York JOHN M. WIGHTMAN, MD [9] Associate Professor Department of Emergency Medicine Wright State University School of Medicine Dayton, Ohio DAVID WILLIAMS, MD, PhD [209] Director Space and Life Sciences Directorate NASA Johnson Space Center Astronaut Office Houston, Texas SONIA WINSLETT, MD [212] Senior Staff Physician Emergency Medicine Henry Ford Hospital System Detroit, Michigan KIMERLEY DAWN WISDOM, MD [212] Surgeon General State of Michigan Attending Emergency Physician Henry Ford Hospital System Detroit, Michigan MARY A. WITTLER, MD [219] Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine Nashville, Tennessee DAVID A. WOHL, MD [147] University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Division of Infectious Diseases Chapel Hill, North Carolina DEAN WOLANYNK, MD [269] Clinical Associate Professor of Surgery and Medicine University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford Director, Department of Emergency Medicine Harvard Memorial Hospital Harvard, Illinois WILLIAM A. WOODS, MD [213] Injury Prevention Program Director University of Virginia Department of Emergency Medicine Charlottesville, Virginia MELISSA M. WU, MD, MBA [57] Assistant Professor Director, Urgent Care Center Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine Baltimore, Maryland ARTHUR H. YANCEY II, MD, MPH [5] Assistant Professor Emory University School of Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine Atlanta, Georgia SAMUEL YANG, MD [145] Instructor of Emergency Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine The Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland LUKE YIP, MD [170] Attending Physician Rocky Mountain Poison and Drug Center Denver Health Medical Center Denver, Colorado Clinical Assistant Professor, School of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Colorado Health Sciences Center WILLIAM FRANKLIN YOUNG, JR., MD [66, 67] Assistant Professor University of Kentucky College of Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine Lexington, Kentucky JANET SIMMONS YOUNG, MD [110] Assistant Professor University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Department of Emergency Medicine Chapel Hill, North Carolina RICHARD D. ZANE, MD [263] Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School Department of Emergency Medicine Boston, Massachusetts GARY D. ZIMMER, MD [36] Assistant Chief of Service Johns Hopkins Hospital Department of Emergency Medicine Baltimore, Maryland